in English Version 24 August 2005 |
This page was copied October 16th, 2000 from:
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~esperanto/ec.html
Lessons: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ReturnVocabulary Correlatives Endings Affixes
Richardson Vortaro (Esperanto-English)If you are on line you may try the "Reta Vortaro"
VOCABULARY
-- A -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
aĉet/i |
to buy |
angul/o |
corner, angle | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- B -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
baldaŭ |
soon (adv) |
blu/a |
blue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- C -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cel/o |
target, goal |
ci |
thou (rare) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- Ĉ -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ĉambr/o |
room |
ĉi |
(indicates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- D -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
da |
of (quantity) |
dimanĉ/o |
Sunday | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- E -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
eĉ |
even (adv) |
en |
in | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- F -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
facil/a |
easy |
flank/o |
side | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- G -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
gaj/a |
happy, cheerful |
gol/o |
goal (scored) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- Ĝ -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ĝangal/o |
jungle |
ĝis |
until, as far as | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- H -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ha! |
ah! (interj) |
hieraŭ |
yesterday | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- Ĥ -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ĥor/ochoir-- I --
ide/o |
idea |
instru/i |
to teach | -- J -- |
ja |
indeed |
jen |
here is/are | -- Ĵ -- |
ĵaluz/o |
jealousy |
ĵurnal/o |
newspaper | -- K -- |
kaf/o |
coffee |
konsent/i |
to agree |
klub/o |
club, group |
ktp |
and so on (abbr.) | ||||
-- L -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
la |
the (def article) |
liber/a |
free, independent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- M -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
maj/o |
May (month) |
mi |
I, me | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- N -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
naci/o |
nation |
nom/o |
name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- O -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
oft/a |
frequent, |
oni |
one, people, they | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- P -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pac/o |
peace |
plu |
further, more | |||||||||||||||||||||||
perd/i |
to lose |
pren/i |
to take | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- R -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
rajt/o |
a right |
rid/i |
to laugh | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- S -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sabat/o |
Saturday |
silent/a |
quiet | |||||||||||||||||||||||
sek/a |
dry |
stat/o |
state, condition | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- Ŝ -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ŝaf/o |
sheep |
ŝi |
she | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- T -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tabl/o |
table |
tip/o |
type, sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- U -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
universal/a |
universal |
Uson/o |
USA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- V -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
vagon/o |
train wagon |
vetur/i |
to travel | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-- Z -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
zorg/i | to care for |
KORELATIVOJ (Correlatives)
|
I- some |
KI- what |
TI- that |
ĈI- every |
NENI- no |
quality |
some kind of, any kind of |
what kind of, what (a) |
that kind of, such a |
every kind of, all kinds of |
no kind of |
reason |
for some reason |
why, for what reason |
so, for that reason |
for every reason |
for no reason |
time |
sometime, any time, ever |
when, at what time |
then, at that time |
always, at all times |
never, at no time |
place |
somewhere, anywhere |
where, in what place |
there, in that place |
everywhere, in every place |
nowhere, in no place |
direc- tion |
anywhere, to any place |
where to, to what place |
there, to that place |
everywhere, to every place |
nowhere, to no place |
manner |
somehow, in some way |
how, in what way |
that way, thus, so |
in every way |
in no way |
property |
someone's, anyone's |
whose, which one's |
that one's |
everyone's everybody's |
no one's, nobody's |
thing |
something, anything |
what, what thing |
that, that thing |
everything, all things |
nothing |
quantity |
some, somewhat |
how much, how many |
so much, as many |
the whole, all of it |
none a bit none |
person or |
someone, somebody |
who, what person |
that person, that one |
everyone, everybody
no one, nobody | |
object |
|
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Note: The "Correlatives table" has only nine rows.
The row for "-EN, Direction" is not on the original table.
Grammatical Endings -o
-a
-enoun
adjective
adverb-j
-n
plural
accusative
Verbs -is
-as
-os
past
present
future
-i
-us
-u
infinitive
conditional
volitive
(imperative, subjuntive)
Participles
past
present
futureactive
-int-
-ant
-ont-passive
-it-
-at-
-ot-
Esperanto Affixes, Prefixes, Suffixes
Official Prefixes:
bo- ĉef- dis- ek- eks- fi- ge- mal- mis- pra- re-
Unofficial Prefixes:
pseŭdo- retro-
Official Suffixes:
-aĉ- -ad- -aĵ- -an- -ar- -ĉj- -ebl- -ec- -eg- -ej- -em-
-end- -er- -estr- -et- -id- -ig- -iĝ- -il- -in- -ind-
-ing- -ist- -nj- -obl- -on- -op- -uj- -ul- -um-
Unofficial Suffixes:
-i- -ism-
Official Prefixes:
bo- relationship by marriage, -in-law
bopatrino = mother-in-law
bofrato = brother-in-lawĉef- head, chief
ĉefurbo = capital
ĉefministro = prime ministerdis- dis-, dispersal, separation, scattering, dismemberment
disĵeti = to scatter about
disdoni = to distribute
disaŭdigi = to broadcast
disigi = to separate, to take apart
disiĝi = to disintegrate, to fall apartek- momentary, sudden commencement, beginning of action, or brief lasting action
ekiri = to start
ekbrili = to flash
ekvidi = to notice
ekkrii = to shout out
eki = to begin, to start
ni eku! = let's get startedeks- ex-, former
eksreĝo = ex-king
eksedzino = ex-wife
eksigi = to discharge (from office), to impeach
eksiĝi = to resignfi- shameful, nasty, morally bad, moral degradation, contempt
fiago = shameful act
figazeto = "smutty" magazine
fialudi = innuendo, evil insinuation
fikomercisto = swindler
fia = nasty, horrid
fiaĉa = repulsing in any regardge- of both sexes together
gepatroj = parents
gejunuloj = youth, young people
gesinjoroj = ladies and gentleman
gea = of both sexes, unisexmal- opposite
malgranda = small
malami = to hate
malaperi = to vanish, to disappear
malriĉa = poor
malbona = bad
malbela = ugly
malforta = weak
malfacila = difficult
maldekstra = left
malfermi = to open
malkonsenti = to disagree
mala = opposite
male = on the contrary, contrary tomis- mis-, amiss, wrongly
miskompreni = to misunderstand
miskompreno = misunderstanding
misuzi = to misuse
misuzo = abusepra- remote (time), primordiality, remoteness of relationship, of great antiquity, primeval, great (in family relationship), ancient, fore-
pratempa, praa = ancient
prahistorio = prehistory
prapatroj = ancestors
pratempo = the ancient past
pranepo = great-grandson
praavo = great-grandfatherre- re-, return, repetition, back, over again
resendi = to send back
reveni = to come back, to return (intr)
redoni = to give back, to return (tr)
rebrili = to reflect
reverki = to re-write (a book, etc.)Unofficial Prefixes:
pseŭdo- pseudo-
pseŭdoscienco = pseudoscience
pseŭdonomo = pseudonymretro- backward
retroiri = to retire, withdraw, retreat
retrorigardi = to look backOfficial Suffixes:
-aĉ- scorn, disparagement, contemptible, disgusting, bad kind
domaĉo = hovel, shack, shanty
skribaĉi = to scrawl
infanaĉo = brat
virinaĉo = hag
ĉevalaĉo = sorry nag
veteraĉo = filthy weather
aĉulo = creep, thug
aĉaĵo = abomination-ad- frequent, repetitive, or habitual action, prolonged action, continuation of action
naĝado = swimming
pafado = shooting
kuirado = cooking
agadi = to act
agado = action, activity
movado = movement
parolado = a speach
kuradi = to keep on running-aĵ- thing (concrete idea), a concrete manifestation of an abstraction, the external manifestation of an activity, a characteristic piece of behaviour, the flesh of an animal, product, dish
kokinaĵo, kokidaĵo = chicken
ĝentilaĵo = polite, courteous act
manĝaĵo = food
infanaĵo = a childish act
dolĉaĵoj = sweets, candies
sendaĵo = shipment, thing sent
verdaĵo = greenery, something green
fragaĵo = strawberry jam
pakaĵo = package, thing packed
sekaĵoj = dry goods
bovaĵo = beef
segaĵo = sawdust
fluaĵo = liquid
ŝafaĵo = mutton
ovaĵo = scrambled eggs
aĵo = a thing, object
Esperantaĵoj = publications or other collectibles related to Esperanto-an- member (of a group), inhabitant (of a place or country), partisan, participant, adherent
ano = member
klubano = club member
kursano = a course participant
kongresano = congressman, delegate
vilaĝano = villager
urbanoj = townspeople
nederlandano = dutchman
londonano = londoner
amerikanoj = americans
kristano = christian-ar- collective, group, set, a collection of like things
arbaro = forest, woods
anaro = members' body
vortaro = dictionary
libraro = library
aŭdantaro = audience
homaro = mankind
aro = collection, set-ĉj- pet-name (masculine) [truncation of root optional]
paĉjo = daddy
Joĉjo = Johnny, Joe
Tomĉjo = Tom, Tommy-ebl- -able, -ible, possibility
legebla = legible
portebla = portable
videbla = visible
manĝebla = edible
kredebla = credible, believable
kredeble = possibly, probably
eble = perhaps
ebla = possible
ebleco = possibility-ec- quality, abstract idea, -ness, -ship
blankeco = whiteness
rapideco = speed
silkeca = silky
amikeco = friendship
klareco = clearness
profesoreco = professorship
moleco = softness
malmoleco = hardness
eco = quality-eg- augmentative, great size, intense degree
bonega = excellent
petegi = to beseech, to implore
domego = mansion
ridegi = to guffaw
varmega = hot
ega = great
ege = very-ej- place alloted to or characterized by, space
lernejo = school
kuirejo = kitchen
loĝejo = apartment
vendejo = store
herbejo = meadow
hundejo = dog kennel
preĝejo = temple, church
ejo = place-em- propensity, disposition, tendency
babilema = loquacious
parolema = talkative
komprenema = understanding
laborema = hard working, industrious
ŝparema = thrifty
mortema = mortal
ludema = playful
kredema = credulous
kolerema = irascible
suspektema = open to suspicion
samseksema = homosexual
malsamseksema = heterosexual
ambaŭseksema = bisexusual
ema = inclined, disposed, prone, apt
malema = unwilling, reluctant
eme = willingly, readily
emo = tendency, inclination, disposition-end- to be -ed, which-must-be-done, necessity of action
pagenda = payable, to be payed, due
detruenda = to be destroyed
solvenda = must be solved
farenda = to be done, must be done-er- item, unit, fragment, small particle of a whole, element
panero = crumb
ĉenero = link
pluvero = raindrop
monero = coin
pulvero = dust particle
fajrero = spark
sablero = grain of sand
diserigi = to split up, grind down
ero = element, particle, part-estr- leader, ruler, head, chief
estro = chief
estri = to govern, direct, lead
ŝtatestro = head of state
guberniestro = state governor
staciestro = station master
urbestro = mayor
regnestro = ruler
lernejestro = head-master, principal, school director
ŝipestro = capitain, ship's master-et- diminutive
dormeti = to doze, to slumber
libreto = booklet
lageto = pond
dometo = cottage
varmeta = luke-warm
rideti = to smile
eta = small, minimal-id- offspring, the descendant of, the young of an animal
ido = child, infant, descendant, scion
idoj = progeny
izraelido = israelite
reĝido = prince
hundido = puppy
katido = kitten
ĉevalido = colt
bovido = calf
kokido = chick-ig- to make, to render,to cause, to bring about
purigi = to clean, to purify
ebligi = to make possible
mortigi = to kill
plenigi = to fill
blankigi = to whiten
ruinigi = to ruin
bruligi = to burn something (tr) timigi = to frighten plibonigi = to improve something (tr)
lumigi = to put on the light
bindigi = to have bound
starigi = to stand (tr)
sciigi = to let know, to inform
igi = to make someone or to cause something to be-iĝ- causative, to become, get, action of becoming
edziĝi = to get married (to become a husband)
edziniĝi = to get married (to become a wife)
naskiĝi = to be born
ruĝiĝi = to blush
blankiĝi = to grow white, whiten
pliboniĝi = to improve (intr)
sidiĝi = to sit down, to become seated
moviĝi = to move of itself
enlitiĝi = to get into bed
ruliĝi = to roll (intr)
sciiĝi = to get to know, become aware
iĝi = to become by self-il- instrument, means, tool, implement
ilo = tool
hakilo = axe
ŝlosilo = key
kudrilo = needle
tranĉilo = knife
razilo = razor
flugilo = wing
montrilo = pointer, arrow-in- female, feminine
virino = woman
patrino = mother,
reĝino = queen
fratino = sister
onklino = aunt
ĉevalino = mare
kokino = hen
ino = female-ind- worthiness, worthy to be -ed, worth -ing
laŭdinda = praiseworthy
admirinda = worthy of admiration, admirable
aminda = lovable, worthy of love
memorinda = memorable
vidinda = worth seeing
vizitinda = worth a trip
inda = worthy-ing- holder, socket, s heath (for one object)
glavingo = scabbard
plumingo = penholder
kandelingo = candlestick-ist- person habitually occupied or concerned with something, professional or enthusiastic amateur, adherent, partisan
instruisto = teacher
artisto = artist
pentristo = painter
policisto = policeman
maŝinisto = machinist
biciklisto = cyclist
maristo = sailor
ŝuisto = shoemaker
drogisto = druggist
marksisto = marxist
Esperantisto = Esperantist-nj- pet-name (feminine) [truncation of root optional]
panjo = mommy
Manjo = Mary Nenjo = Nellie-obl- multiple
unuobla = single
duobla = double, twofold
trioble = triply, three times
kvaroble = fourfold, quadruply
dekduoble = twelve times
dudekoble = twenty times
centoble = a hundredfold
multobligi, obligi = to multiply-on- fraction
duono = half
duonigi = to halve
sesono = sixth
centono = a hundredth part-op- collective
unuope = one by one, singly
duope = two by two, in twos
kvaropo = quartet
kvarope = four abreast, by fours
centope = by hundreds, a hundred at a time-uj- (1) container, receptacle
monujo = purse
inkujo = inkstand
ujo = generic container(2) land, country
Anglujo = England
Esperantujo = Esperanto-land (everywhere where Esperanto is spoken)(3) tree or bush, bearing fruit
pomujo = apple tree
pirujo = pear-tree
plumujo = plum-tree
vinberujo = vineNote: usages of -uj- (2) and (3) are becoming archaic/outdated
-ul- person (possesing a certain quality), characterized by
junulo = youth, young man
belulino = beauty
bravulo = brave man
blindulo = blind person
surdulo = deaf person
mutulo = mute person
riĉulo = rich man
drinkulo = drunkard
saĝulo = wise man, sage
samseksemulo = homosexual, gay
kunulo = companion
fremdulo = stranger
ulo = person, individual-um- indefinite relation
malvarmumi = to catch cold
plenumi = to fulfil
tendumi = to camp
literumi = to spell
okulumi = to ogle
foliumi = to browse, to glance (through a book)
kolumo = collar
manumo = wrist band
plandumo = sole (of shoe)
ventumi = to fan
ventumilo = a fan
aerumi = to ventilate
komunumo = community
krucumi = to crucify
amikumi = to be friends
Esperantumi = to use Esperanto (and to enjoy it)Unofficial Suffixes:
-i- country
Francio = France
Britio = Great Britain
Bulgario = Bulgaria
Meksikio = Mexico-ism- -ism, theory, system, characteristic behaviour, pattern
platonismo = platonism
protektismo = protectionism
alkoholismo = alcoholism
magnetismo = magnetism
fetiĉismo = fetishism
anglismo = anglicism
Enrique Ellemberg |
Hejmpaĝo Vokita |
Paĝo finis