in English Version 24 August 2005 |
This page was copied October 16th, 2000 from:
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~esperanto/ec.html
Lessons: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ReturnVocabulary Correlatives Endings Affixes
A real quick overview of the lessons so far:
Subject thing(s) |
Action |
Adverb |
Object thing(s) |
Malbonaj knabinoj | lernos | malrapide | facilajn lingvojn. |
To form questions, place "ĉu" in front of the statements:____________ extract from here ____________La knabo manĝas.
Ĉu la knabo manĝas?Ekzercoj, Leciono Ses (parto unu)
[ki-, ti-, i-, ĉi-, neni-] plus [o, a, e, u, om, am , el, al, es] forms 45 correlative (interrelated) words. Give below the meanings of the roots (5) and endings (9):____________ extract to here ____________
ki
ti
i
ĉi
neni
o
a
e
u
om
am
el
al
esTry without referring back to lesson five. If you find yourself referring too often, you may want to review the lesson before continuing. The correlatives are hard to learn out of context, but the combinations will come naturally after a while.Difficult sound: one of the hardest sounds for English speakers to master is the 'c' or /ts/ sound. Imagine it as below and it's easier than it seems:
danco leciono biciklo
say:
DANT-so let-si-ON-o bit-SI-klo
Vocabulary note:
The English word 'old' may be the opposite of both 'new' and 'young'. Therefore there are two translations for 'old' in Esperanto:juna (young) maljuna (old)
nova (new) malnova (old)
Prepositions (little words which show the relationship between two other words.)cup on table
saucer under cup
milk with sugar in coffee
Prepositions in Esperanto:
al |
to |
kun |
with, together |
____________ extract from here ___________Mi estas membro de la Junulara Esperantista Klubo, kaj mi iris al la Esperanto-Kongreso, kiu okazis en San-Francisko. Ni vojaĝis de Nov-Jorko dum tri tagoj en nia aŭtobuseto, kaj ne haltis ĝis ni alvenis al Dalaso, en Teksaso. Tie ni vizitis niajn geamikojn kaj manĝis. Ni portis sandviĉojn por la tagmanĝo, kaj ili estis sub la seĝoj sur kiuj ni sidis. Ni dankis niajn geamikojn pro la bona kongreso.
Vocabulary:
Junularo: a group of young people
okazi: to take place
aŭtobuseto: minibus
alveni al: to arrive at
tagmanĝo: lunch
geamikoj: friends (male and female)
iri: to goNote the use of "pro" after "dankis". Prepositions can be tricky - there is no word-for-word correspondence between prepositions in English and Esperanto. The "Plena Vortaro" (Esperanto-Esperanto dictionary) is a good source of examples.
La knabo sen hejmtasko staris antaŭ la instruisto; anstataŭ la hejmtasko, li prenis el koverto leteron pri la afero. Estis bela tago ekster la ĉambro, kaj la instruisto staris apud la fenestro, tra kiu venis brila sunlumo, per kiu li legis la leteron.
Inter la vortoj estis tiom da tipaj knabaj eraroj, ke post nelonge, la knabo kliniĝis super la tablo, kaj pantoflo batis kontraŭ lia postaĵo.
Vocabulary:
hejmtasko: homework
stari: to stand
preni: to take
koverto: envelope
afero: case
fenestro: window
veni: to come
sunlumo: sunlight
legi: to read
vorto: word
tipa: typical
klini: bow, lean over
pantoflo: slipper
bati: to hit
postaĵo: behind, bottom
Ekzercoj, Leciono Ses (parto du)____________ extract to here ____________Respondu ĉi tiujn demandojn en Esperanto
Answer these questions in Esperanto1. Kia klubo ĝi estas?
2. Kion ni portis kun ni?
3. Kie ili estis?
4. Kio okazis en San-Francisko?
5. Dum kiom da tagoj ni vojaĝis?
6. Ĉu iu staris antaŭ la instruisto?
7. Kio venis tra la fenestro?
8. Kiom da hejmtaskoj faris la knabo?
9. Kiel la instruisto batis lin (per kio?)
10. Kial la instruisto batis lin? (ĉar = because)
More about prepositions: When an 'object thing' occurs in a sentence, and when that 'object thing' is a pronoun (I, he, she, etc.) it takes the object or accusative form (me, him, her, etc). Thus we say that the preposition in English 'governs' or requires the accusative form. The only place in English where the accusative is different from the nominative (subject form) is in the pronouns.____________ extract from here ____________A cake for him. A letter for her.
In Esperanto, a preposition governs the nominative (subject) form of a thing, either noun or pronoun.
Kuko por li. (not lin!) Letero por ŝi. (not ŝin!)
You will be well understood if you follow this rule. But don't be surprised if you see a preposition followed by a "-n" word! Let's see why:
There is a difference between "I walked in the garden" and "I walked into the garden". In the first case, I was already in the garden, walking around, and in the second case, I was outside the garden and walked to a position inside the garden.
Instead of "I walked into the garden" we can say: "I walked to in-the-garden",
which translates: "Mi promenis al en-la-ĝardeno." and we actually say:"Mi promenis en la ĝardenon."
Ah ha! The last "-n" indicates the omitted preposition, usually 'al', which showed movement toward something. Therefore we can say, "The accusative "-n" after a preposition shows motions toward."
Mi iris en la ĉambron. (into the room) Mi promenas ekster la domon. (to the outside of)
Do not use "-n" after: al, ĝis, de, el. They already show motion.
Also: Use "-n" with dates to show an omitted preposition: Mi estis en Nov-Jorko pasintan mardon [(on) last Tuesday].
Ekzercoj, Leciono Ses (parto tri)Translate into Esperanto.
11. I came on a bicycle.
12. I cycled into San Francisco.
13. I cycled in San Francisco.
14. She runs on the grass (herbo).
15. He will run onto the grass.
16. He ran behind the tree (arbo).
17. He smoked behind the tree.
18. She traveled with a friend.
19. He wrote with a pen.
20. He put (meti) the pen under the paper.
LESSON 7 - SEPA LECIONO____________ extract from here ____________In school students can expect to study French for about 5 years, 40 weeks in the year, 4 lessons a week at about (on the average) 30 minutes for each lesson. Or, roughly, about 400 hours. By the end of this time, only about 10% of the students would receive a passing grade on a decent exam, and not all of those would be understood in France.
Esperanto is about 5 to 10 times easier to learn than French, so you would expect to take about 40 to 80 hours of study to achieve a comparable language level in Esperanto, but in these ten network lessons you may spend a total of only 10 hours.
So you can easily see that this course will not have you speaking fluent Esperanto by Lesson Ten, but it will have introduced you to the basic principles of the language, which by now should not appear so 'foreign' to you if you were to pick up a textbook or elementary reader.
Rowing across the ocean would be more satisfying (and a little bit easier) if you could see the milestones going by. Otherwise, once out of sight of land, it is an act of faith whether you are making any progress at all. In the same way in learning a language, are you really learning more than you are forgetting?
In a 'correspondence' course such as this one, it is impossible to test your speaking and listening abilities. That will come at some later level in your quest for complete control over the International Language. Right now, we will have to be content with written tests and exercises.
Below, you will find a series of vocabulary and grammar ("fill-in-the-blank") exercises to be used as sort of a test. Try to complete and send in these exercises without referring back to previous lessons. If you do look back, then you never really will know how much you've learned so far. So, do the exercises and study the little bit of new material.
Ekzercoj, Leciono SepVocabulary Test
Translate into English
1. |
akvo |
31. |
frato |
Grammar Test____________ extract to here ____________
Replace 'missing bits'Use the following 'missing bits':
a, aj, aj, al, an, ĉe, ĉion, ĉiuj, de, dum, e, e, en, estas, ĝis, havas, ili, in, ist, iu, jun, kaj, kiel, kies, kio, kun, la, mal, ne, o, o, oj, ojn, on, on, por, sub, sur, tio, as, as, tiu, tiom.
61. The boy
___ knab___62. A good boy
Bon___ knabo63. And a girl
___ knab___o64. The girl is bad
La knabino ___ ___bona65. She has a cigarette
Ŝi ___ cigared___66. Men smoke cigarettes
Vir___ fumas cigared___67. Good girls don't smoke
Bon___ knabinoj ___ fumas68. But they quickly learn
Sed ___ rapid___ lern___69. The pupils are young
La lernantoj estas jun___70. They have a new school
Ili havas nov___ lernejon71. The teacher is old
La instru___o estas mal___a72. 'What's that?' he asks '
___ estas ___?' li demandas73. Start working quietly
Eklaboru silent___74. Whose book is that?
___ libro estas ___?75. How (did) you do so-much?
___ vi faris ___?76. Do everything again
Refaru ___77. To the club in Paris
___ la klubo ___ Parizo78. In the minibus from London
___ la aŭtobuseto ___ Londono79. With lemonade under the seats
___ limonado ___ la seĝoj80. For drinking whilst we journey
___ trinkado ___ ni vojaĝas81. On the freeway as far as Paris
___ la ŝoseo ___ Parizo82. We all run on to the beach
Ni ___ kur___ sur la plaĝ___83. And someone swims in the sea
Kaj ___ naĝas en la mar___
Let's take a look now at some very important verbs...voli (want)
povi (can, be able)
devi (must, have to)Mi volas veni. Mi volas kompreni
I want to come. I want to understandMi povas veni. Mi povas kompreni.
I am able to come. I am able to understand.
I can come. I can understandMi devas veni. Mi devas kompreni.
I must come. I must understand.
I have to come. I have to understandAlways use the infinitive verb after voli, povi, devi.
plaĉi al, ŝati, amiIo aŭ iu plaĉas al mi.
Something or someone is pleasing to me.
I like someone or something.
(a mild, noncommittal verb)Mi ŝatas ion.
I esteem, greatly like something.
(inanimate objects, etc.)Mi amas iun.
I love someone (or pets).Libroj plaĉas al mi.
Books are pleasing to me.
I like books.Betty plaĉas al mi.
Mi ŝatas ĉokoladajn kuketojn.
Betty is pleasing to me. I like Betty.
I really like chocolate cupcakes. Mi amas vian filinon.
I love (am in love with) your daughter.
koni vs. sciiMi konas...
I know OF, I am aware of such a person, place or thing, or happening.Mi scias...
I know something, have studied it.Ĉu vi konas Johanon?
Do you know John?Ĉu vi scias Esperanton?
Do you know Esperanto?Ĉu vi konas Esperanton?
Are you familiar with Esperanto?
LESSON 8 - OKA LECIONO____________ extract from here ____________We need to consider actions (verbs) in more detail. We have already dealt with the simple verbs ending in "is", "as", and "os". Now we take a look at compound (two-part) verbs, in which the first part gives the general time of the action and the second part gives the state of the action.
Before looking at the Esperanto use of compound verbs, let's look at the use of compound verbs in English.
Ekzercoj, Leciono Ok (parto unu)____________ extract to here ____________In the following diagram, under 'General Time', write either yesterday, now, tomorrow. Under 'State of Action', write completed, on-going, or not yet.
General Time State of ActionHe is reading.
He was reading.
He will have eaten.
He is about to go.
He will be reading.
He has eaten.
He was about to write.
He had eaten.
He will be about to go.
Notice that the first part of the two-part verb, which we call the auxiliary or helping verb, is 'to be' except when the action has been completed; in that case, English uses the auxiliary verb 'to have'. In Esperanto, the auxiliary verb is always esti (to be).
(yesterday) |
Li estis manĝinta | (completed) |
The idea is simple, but the explanation is somewhat confusing and difficult; hang in there! Let's look now at a fuller demonstration of Compound Verbs in Esperanto....____________ extract from here ____________
Compound Verb Tenses - Active (inta, anta, onta)Jeanne has regular habits.
Using simple verb tenses we say:every day at 8:00
She eats her breakfast.
Ŝi manĝas sian matenmanĝon.
(sia - his/her own)every day at 8:05
She reads her paper.
Ŝi legas sian ĵurnalon.every day at 8:10
She writes a letter.
Ŝi skribas leteron.But none of these actions is instantaneous, and we can show this better by using the compound verb tenses:
and say at 8:00
She is eating her breakfast.
Ŝi estas manĝanta sian matenmanĝon.and say at 8:05
She is reading her paper.
Ŝi estas leganta sian ĵurnalon.and say at 8:10
She is writing a letter.
Ŝi estas skribanta leteron.Suppose we are spying on her, and we report by phone. Then at 8:05 we would say:
She has eaten her breakfast.
Ŝi estas manĝinta sian matenmanĝon.She is reading her paper.
Ŝi estas leganta sian ĵurnalon.She is about to write a letter.
Ŝi estas skribonta leteron.Later during the day, we may have to confirm in writing what we previously reported. Then we would say that by 8:05:
She had eaten her breakfast.
Ŝi estis manĝinta sian matenmanĝon.She was reading her paper.
Ŝi estis leganta sian ĵurnalon.She was about to write a letter.
Ŝi estis skribonta leteron.Also, we must tell the next day's spy what to expect. We tell her that if she gets there by 8:05, she will find that:
She will have eaten her breakfast.
Ŝi estos manĝinta sian matenmanĝon.She will be reading her paper.
Ŝi estos leganta sian ĵurnalon.She will be about to write a letter.
Ŝi estos skribonta leteron.
Compound Verb Tenses - Active Participles(action is preformed by the subject of the sentence)
inta (action recently completed)
anta (action still on-going)
onta (action soon to begin)Please note: because participles are actually adjectives, [Cf. kuranta knabo, a running boy] they must agree in number with the subject. For example:
Ili estas manĝintaj. They have eaten.
Ni estis irontaj. We were about to go.
Vi estos skribantaj You will be writing
Ekzercoj, Leciono Ok (parto du)(translate into Esperanto, using compound verbs):
1. Father is reading a book [libro].
2. Mother is making a cake.
3. The boys are about to write.
4. The boy is about to drink tea.
5. Who has washed the small boy?
6. Father was reading a book.
7. Who has eaten my cake?
8. Mother was making a beautiful cake.
9. The boy was about to write.
10. They were going to write.
11. My brother has washed [lavi] my car [aŭto].
12. My sister had eaten my cake.
13. Father will be reading a book.
14. I will be selling tea and coffee.
15. The boy will be about to write a letter.
16. He will have eaten.
17. He is shooting [pafi].
18. He is going to score [trafi].
19. He has scored.
20. He had scored.Perk up! The worst is over! Just some odd bits left over for the next two lessons.
LESSON 9 - NAŬA LECIONOWow! That last lesson had a lot in it, so let's do something a little simpler.
Numbers:
unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, sesFractions:
duono, triono, kvarono, kvinono, sesono1/3 = (unu) triono;
3/4 = tri kvaronoj;
7/16 = sep deksesonoj;
5/8 = kvin okonojNote the following:
(contrast the expressions)I look, and then I see.
Mi rigardas, kaj tiam mi vidas.I listen, and then I hear.
Mi aŭskultas, kaj tiam mi aŭdas.I think, then afterwards I have an opinion.
Mi pensas, kaj poste mi havas opinion.I think that... Mi opinias, ke...
His father drank his lemonade.
(Whose lemonade?)Lia patro trinkis lian limonadon.
(NOT the father's lemonade)Lia patro trinkis sian limonadon.
(YES, the father's lemonade)sia (third person) refers to the subject of the sentence:
(his own, her own, one's own, their own).The box is blue, isn't it? La skatolo estas blua, ĉu ne?
[Watch your answer!
The box isn't blue, is it? What would JES mean?]
La skatolo ne estas blua, ĉu?
Shades of meaning by using the suffixes -eg and -et:
bonega |
excellent |
varmega |
hot |
Verb prefixes and suffixes:
ek-, -ad-, -iĝ-, and -ig-
ek | ||||||||
La suno ekbrilis. | The sun began to shine. | |||||||
| ||||||||
La suno briladis. |
The sun kept on shining. | |||||||
| ||||||||
La sablo sekiĝis. |
The sand became (got) dry. | |||||||
| ||||||||
La suno sekigis la sablon. |
The sun made the sand dry. |
____________ extract from here ____________
Ekzercoj, Leciono Naŭ (parto unu)____________ extract to here ____________Translate into Esperanto:
1. He ate three-fourths of [de] the cake.
2. I think that Esperanto is an easy language [lingvo].
3. Her mother washed her dress [robo].
[The dress was the daughter's]
4. Their mothers washed their (own) dresses.
5. The evenings are cool, aren't they?
(Read in Esperanto)Ĉe la junulara klubo
La vivo ĉe nia klubo estas tre interesa. Je la 7-a (sepa), diskludilo ekludas, kaj ludadas ĝis la 8-a, kiam ĝi silentiĝas. Ni studadas inter la 8-a kaj la 9-a, kaj ankaŭ la instruisto paroladas al ni (=li faras paroladon). Je la 9-a, ni manĝetas kaj la diskoj eksonas denove, kaj la dancado daŭras ĝis la 10-a kiam ni ekiras hejmen.
Esperanto interesas min. Mi interesiĝis antaŭ du monatoj, kaj tiam mi aliĝis al la klubo; mi ankaŭ interesigis mian fratinon, kaj varbis ŝin.
Dum la unua horo, ni ludas tablotenison kaj bilardon. Mi pliboniĝas je tabloteniso, sed malpliboniĝas je bilardo.
Dum la dua horo, ni havas legadon, skribadon, kaj esperantan kantadon. Poste, du fraŭlinoj varmigas la kafon, kaj kiam la kafo sufiĉe varmiĝas, oni malfermas la bufedon. La kafo estas sufiĉe varma je la 9-a.
La novaj membroj rapide interesiĝas pri la aliaj geknaboj ĉe la klubo. Ili ofte ekrigardas unu la alian, kaj de tempo al tempo fraŭlino ekploras se ŝia amiko interesiĝas pri alia fraŭlino.
disk-lud-il-o |
record player |
ludi |
to play; |
____________ extract from here ____________
Ekzercoj, Leciono Naŭ (parto du)____________ extract to here ____________Answer in English and Esperanto:
6. Kiom da horoj la disko sonas?
7. Kiam mi aliĝis al la klubo?
8. Kio okazas kiam la kafo estas sufiĉe varma?
9. Kial fraŭlino ekploras de tempo al tempo?
Time: "Kioma (how-many-eth) horo (hour) estas?"____________ extract from here ____________
For hours, "Estas la unua, la dua, la tria, ktp ("etc.").
For hours plus minutes, "Estas la tria, dudek" or
"Estas la tria kaj dudek (3:20)".
Also used: "Estas la sepa kaj duono (7:30)" or
"Estas la sepa kaj kvarono (7:15)."Indirect Speech:
(note the use of tense in Esperanto)Direct:
He said, "I came from New York."
Li diris, "Mi venis de Nov-Jorko."Indirect:
He said (that) he came from New York.
Li diris, ke li venis de Nov-Jorko.Direct:
He said, "I'm waiting for my suitcase."
Li diris, "Mi atendas mian valizon."Indirect:
He said (that) he was waiting for his suitcase.
Li diris, ke li atendas sian valizon.Direct:
He said, "I shall go to Paris."
Li diris, "Mi iros al Parizo."Indirect:
He said (that) he was going to Paris.
Li diris, ke li iros al Parizo.In indirect speech, always use the verb that would be used in the direct speech equivalent. This is sometimes called "the logical tense". Also note that you must always use "ke" (that) even if it is not used in the English sentence.
Ekzercoj, Leciono Naŭ (parto tri)Translate into Esperanto:
10. She said, "I write badly."
11. She said that she wrote badly.
12. They said, "We washed the cups."
13. They said they had washed the cups.
14. You said, "I will drink lemonade."
15. You said you would drink lemonade.
16. He said he was unhappy. [happy = feliĉa]
17. She said she would come.
18. They said they had eaten the cake.
19. They said, "We are going-to-eat the cake."
20. They said they were going-to-eat the cake.
LESSON 10 - DEKA LECIONORegular word building:
Applicable to all animal families:
ox |
cow |
calf |
herd |
Got the idea? In Esperanto it's easy, but in English it's hard!A few more word building suffixes and prefixes:
ge- |
gepatroj |
gesinjoroj |
geknaboj |
Logic dictates when to use prefixes and suffixes, but there are no precise rules. So use them when they make sense. Can anything be easier?Kio estas la puno por bigamio? Du bopatrinoj!
Summary of verb forms:
(What makes the following so great is that it can be used with all verbs; no exceptions!)Simple verb forms
(use with any noun or pronoun subject).
dormi |
[infinitive] |
to sleep | |
dormus | [conditional] | ||
Se mi estus riĉa, mi estus kontenta. | |||
dormu! | [imperative] | A command! | |
Aŭ silentu, aŭ foriru. |
Common verb affixes:Prefixes:
re- repeat of action; again
ek- sudden start or short durationSuffixes:
-ad continual action
-iĝ to become
-ig to make (something happen)Compound verbs - active
(Action by the subject of sentence)Ŝi estis manĝinta sian matenmanĝon.
Ŝi estas leganta sian ĵurnalon.
Ŝi estos skribonta leteron.Note: participles can have a plural form:
Mi estas manĝinta. Ni estas manĝintaj.
And participles can be used as adjectives:
La dormanta knabo. The sleeping boy.
Compound verbs - passive
(Action on the subject of sentence)Compare:
active:
Li estas leganta la ĵurnalon.
He is reading the newspaper.passive:
La ĵurnalo estas legata de li.
The paper is being-read by him.Compare with lesson 8:
La matenmanĝo estis manĝita de ŝi.
La ĵurnalo estas legata de ŝi.
La letero estos skribota de ŝi.ita been -ed
ata being -ed
ota about to be -edOur apologies for packing all that stuff in such a small mail - but just try to cover the same information about any other language in anything smaller than a textbook.
The compound verbs are used a lot less in Esperanto than in English. Use of the simple form is usually good enough. Instead of "Li estis manĝinta", we say "Li manĝis."
Participles can be used as nouns.
active:
aminto someone who was loving
amanto someone who is loving
amonto someone who will-be lovingpassive:
amito someone who was loved
amato someone who is loved
amoto someone who will-be lovedNoun participles can have feminine [amantino] and plural [amatoj] forms. They can be formed from any verb [parolanto, dormintoj, falontino (the girl who is about to fall)].
Note the difference between -anto and -isto:
instruanto: one who teaches (not professionally)
instruisto: a teacher (professional)A little more about the correlatives in lesson 5:
tio = that thing |
ĉi tio = this thing |
kiom = how much, how many
kiom da = how many (of) somethingKiom da amikoj vi havas?
How many friends do you have?Kiom ĝi kostas?
How much does it cost?kies = whose
Kies plumo ĝi estas?
Whose pen is it?answer:
Ĝi estas la plumo de Johano.
(No shorter way of saying "John's pen")
januaro |
January |
dimanĉo |
Sunday |
____________ extract from here ____________
La Lingvo Por Ni
(Tune: My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean)Sur montoj kaj step' indianoj,
Ĉasadas kun ruĝ-famili',
Kaj se vi postulas parolon,
el kanjon' eliras la kri':ES-PER-AN-TO estas la lingvo por ni, por ni!
ES PER AN TO estas la lingvo por ni!En densa afrika ĝangalo,
la bonaj amikoj de ni
Jam solvis la lingvan problemon,
Per tamtam' eliras la kri':ES-PER-AN-TO estas la lingvo por ni, por ni!
ES PER AN TO estas la lingvo por ni!Ĉe norda poluso eskimoj,
loĝadas en neĝo, glaci';
Se ili bezonas parolon,
aŭdiĝas la tutsama kri';ES-PER-AN-TO estas la lingvo por ni, por ni!
ES PER AN TO estas la lingvo por ni!Sur tuta la vasta terglobo,
en urboj el ĉiu naci'
Troviĝas sam-ide-an-aro,
de buboj elsonas la kri':ES-PER-AN-TO estas la lingvo por ni, por ni!
ES PER AN TO estas la lingvo por ni!Indianoj, nigruloj, eskimoj;
urbanoj kaj buboj kaj mi
Jam uzas la Zamenhof-lingvon,
Do, vivu, prosperu la kri':ES-PER-AN-TO estas la lingvo por ni, por ni!
ES PER AN TO estas la lingvo por ni!Note: An apostrophe denotes an "o" which as been left out for poetic or musical reasons. Do not do this in prose.
HEY, IT'S ME, YOUR KOREKTANTO!
I want to add something here. The replacement of the final "o" in a noun without the -j or -n endings by an apostrophe, or of the "a" in "la" by an apostrophe when there's a vowel either to before or after the "la" (lest it be unpronouncable) is allowed, though used almost exclusively in poetry. This is called elision (elizio). Look at Twinkle Twinkle Little Star in Esperanto:Brilu, brilu eta stel',
Diamanto de l' ĉiel'.
Tiel alta super Ter',
Kio estas vi, en ver'?
Brilu, brilu eta stel',
Diamanto de l' ĉiel'.Stelo = star diamanto = diamond
ĉielo = sky tero = earth, land, ground
Sorry to take your time. Back to the lesson...With this lesson you will find the final set of exercises. Complete the 50 sentences and send them back to your tutor. After correction, he will send them back to you, and by separate mail you will receive an atestilo (Certificate of Completion).
We would be very happy to receive from you any comments you may have about the course and a note about your plans for Esperanto - traveling, reading, corresponding, etc. Send them to the central address (the one in the monthly posting).
There are many good books for beginning reading. Write to the book service of your national Esperanto association. They will be glad to send you a book list and suggest suitable reading material. You can also try the book service of the Universala Esperanto-Asocio, which claims to have the biggest Esperanto-bookstore. For addresses, see lesson 1.
Note that in Canada, the address is:
Esperanto-Libroservo
6358-A, rue de Bordeaŭ
Montreal, Quebec, H2G 2R8+1 514 272 0151.
We strongly recommend that you join your local Esperanto club or society and participate in the activities. Or if there isn't a club in your region, start one up!
For those who live in the USA:
ELNA provides a list of local groups, if you send them a self-addressed stamped envelope.Vi jam finis vian unuan kurson de Esperanto.
Ni deziras por vi plej bonan sukceson!Ĝis la revido!
Ekzercoj, Leciono DekTranslate into Esperanto.
Close as possible with comments in bracket to clarify the English. Multiple translations are possible. Think in Esperanto. Trying to translate word-for-word may not help!1. The boy.
2. A good boy.
3. And a girl.
4. The girl is bad.
5. She has a beer.
6. Real men drink beer. [real = vera]
7. Good girls don't smoke.
8. But they quickly learn.
9. The pupils are young. [pupil = "one who is learning"]
10. They have a new school.
11. The teacher is old.
12. What's that?
13. Why do you keep on talking?
14. Start working quietly.
15. Whose book is that?
16. How did you do so much?
17. Do everything again.
18. We went to the club at Houston.
19. We will go in the minibus from Calgary.
20. With beer under the seats.
21. For drinking while we travel. [make "drinking" an extended activity]
22. On the freeway as far as the sea.
23. We all run onto the beach.
24. And someone swims in the sea.
25. Would you like to go?
26. He caught the ball.
27. Shoot! You'll score something.
28. He has caught the ball.
29. He is shooting.
30. He is going to score.
31. He had gone.
32. The goal has been scored.
33. The game was going to be won.
34. Do you know a blonde? [a female blonde]
35. Who knows how to cook?
36. I must meet her.
37. I'd love such a wife.
38. Sharpen my knife.
39. I like my food.
40. My parents are shopping.
41. I want a tiny dog. ["tiny dog" is one word]
42. If I had a puppy...
43. It would become bigger.
44. I can imagine it there.
45. There it is, with a huge bone.
46. Why not go to Paris?
47. Our club members went there.
48. Drink some of their wine.
49. We have sweet wines here.
50. What time is it?
ball |
pilko |
beach |
plaĝo |
Enrique Ellemberg |
Hejmpaĝo Vokita |
Paĝo finis